THE PHILIPPINE BILL OF 1902: TURNING POINT IN PHILIPPINE LEGISLATION By Chris Antonette Piedad-Pugay       From 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Assembly served as the lower house of the legislature with the Philippine Commission, headed by the American Governor-General, as the upper chamber.  The inauguration of the Philippine Assembly on October 16, 1907 continue reading : The Philippine Bill of 1902:  Turning Point in Philippine Legislation

THE SECULARIZATION ISSUE WAS AN INTERNATIONAL ISSUE by Peter Jaynul V. Uckung       We all know that the agitation for secularization precipitated the execution of Father Gomes, Burgos, and Zamora, which in turn engendered the seed of discontent among the Filipino reformists, which in turn fanned the flame of Philippine revolution. But few knew the continue reading : The Secularization Issue was an international Issue

THE BATTLE OF BANGKUSAY: A PARADIGM OF DEFIANCE AGAINST COLONIAL CONQUEST By Chris Antonette Piedad-Pugay      While it is true that it took us Filipinos almost three centuries before we successfully proclaim our independence from the Spaniards, and that several Filipino patriots sacrificed their lives and performed heroic deeds to liberate the country from continue reading : The Battle of Bangkusay: A Paradigm of Defiance against Colonial Conquest

I HATE YOU BUT I LOVE YOU, THE STORY OF THE FILIPINO-HISPANO FRIENDSHIP IN THE SIEGE OF BALER by: Quennie Ann J. Palafox       All books depicting the stories of war have always had sad endings as war was never splendid or heroic regardless of its cause when it captures many lives including innocent victims. continue reading : I Hate You But I Love You The Story of the Filipino-Hispano Friendship in the Siege of Baler

REMEMBERING THE FATHER OF JUNE 12 PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE DAY By Chris Antonette P. Pugay       Former President Diosdado D. Macapagal issued Proclamation No. 28 endorsing to the Congress the urgency of enacting a measure to fix June 12 as Philippine Independence Day. Two years later, Republic Act No. 4166 proclaiming June 12 as continue reading : Remembering the Father of June 12 Philippine Independence Day

A HAVEN FOR FILIPINO PATRIOTS by Augusto V. de Viana, Ph.D       During the latter part of the Spanish colonial rule, the Philippine Revolution and the Filipino American War, Hong Kong served as a refuge for Filipino patriots.  Beginning from the aftermath of the execution in 1872 of Filipino secular priests, Fathers Mariano continue reading : A Haven for Filipino Patriots

THE FIRST LABOR DAY AND OTHER PRE-WORLD WAR II MILESTONES IN THE WORKERS MOVEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES        According to the Historical Calendar (1521-1969) of the National Historical Institute, the first Labor Day in the Philippines that was held on May 1st, the date recognized as Labor Day throughout the world since the continue reading : The First Labor Day and other pre-World War II milestones in the workers’ movement in the Philippines

BONIFACIO’S MILITANT LEGACY by: Peter Jaynul V. Uckung        A revolution is never gentle. Most often, it destroys the intended target of forceful change. It also devours its instigators in the following power struggle which eventually comes with it. With such dire eventualities, a revolution is still a cherished solution to most social continue reading : Bonifacio’s Militant Legacy

THE SAGA OF THE PHILIPPINE REFORM MOVEMENT FROM PROVINCIA TO INDEPENDENCIA by Augusto V. de Viana       The 19th century forms a crucial part in the development of Philippine nationalism and the Filipino nation. Developments within and outside the Philippines led to the emergence of factors that led to the creation of a continue reading : The Saga of the Philippine Reform Movement from provincia to independencia

THE PHILIPPINE FLAG: SYMBOL OF OUR SOVEREIGNTY AND SOLIDARITY By Carminda R. Arevalo       The flag is the country’s most cherished symbol. It is the nation’s emblem for freedom.  It symbolizes patriotism, love of country and sense of nationhood and embodies the aspirations and sentiments of the Filipino people in their unceasing quest continue reading : The Philippine Flag: Symbol of our Sovereignty and Solidarity

REMEMBERING THE ZENITH OF TARLAC NATIONALISM: A Tribute to the Valor of Gen. Francisco Makabulos (1871-1922) “Nasira na ang ating magandang ugnayan sa mga Amerikano at nararapat na makidigma sa kanila dahil sa masamang  balakin ng mga ito na alipinin tayo at subukan ang ating mga banal na mithiin. Samakatwid, alang-alang sa dugo na nananalaytay continue reading : Remembering the Zenith of Tarlac Nationalism:

SOLDIERS OF THE MASSES: NATIONALISTIC STRUGGLE OF HUKBALAHAP by: Quennie Ann J. Palafox        The dissident movement which came to be called the Huk Movement was originally consisted of peasants who raised arms against their landlords, of outlaws who found haven in the organization, and the Filipino communists who provided the leadership and who joint continue reading : Soldiers of the Masses: The Nationalistic Struggle of Hukbalahap