| Name of Town | Date of Foundation | Basis / Source |
| Camalaniugan, Cagayan | 15 June 1596 | Aduarte (1693) & Ocio (1898) |
Cagayan, of which Camalaniugan is a part, was formally conquered by the Spaniards in 1581, at the order of Governor-General Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa, with Juan Pablo de Carrión leading the conquest. After the initial conquest of Cagayan in 1581, the colonization and evangelization of the area did not proceed smoothly due to the bad behavior of the Spanish soldiers and resistance from the natives.
The Dominican directory called Estado General de los Religiosos y Religiosas de la Provincia del Santísimo Rosario del Sagrado Orden de Predicadores de Filipinas, for the years 1888 and 1893, cited 1595 as the foundation year of Camalaniugan. But various sources cite this year when the Dominicans started to establish a mission and erect a church in Camalaniugan, where they, later on, prevailed in converting the natives to Christianity.
In 1596, Camalaniugan, under the patronage of San Jacinto de Polonia, was accepted to the Dominican Province, during the Provincial Chapter. As cited in Fr. Diego Aduarte’s Tomo primero de la Historia de la provincia del Santo Rosario de Filipinas, Japon y China, de la sagrada Orden de Predicadores (1693), the Dominican Provincial Chapter in 1596 was held on 15 June.
It is commonly accepted for a town to take up the date of when it was formally established as a mission or vicariate in a provincial chapter as its foundation date. Hence, the date 15 June 1596 is recognized as Camalaniugan’s foundation date.
References:
Aduarte, Diego. Tomo primero de la Historia de la provincia del Santo Rosario de Filipinas, Japon y China, de la sagrada Orden de Predicadores. Zaragoza: Domingo Gascon, 1693.
Dominicans – Provincia del Santísimo Rosario de Filipinas. Los Dominicos en el Extremo Oriente: provincia del Santísimo Rosario de Filipinas: relaciones publicadas con motivo del séptimo centenario de la confirmación de la Sagrada Orden de Predicadores. Barcelona: Seix & Barral Herms, 1916.
Fernandez, Pablo. “Dominican Apostolic Labours in Cagayan.” Boletin Eclesiastico de Filipinas 49, no. 550 (1975): 552-558.
Ferrando, Juan. Historia de los PP. Dominicos en las Islas Filipinas y en sus misiones del Japón, China, Tung-kín y Formosa: Tomo I. Madrid: Imprenta y Estereotipia de M. Rivadeneyra, 1870.
Jose, Regalado Trota. “The Church of Saint Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins in Fuga, Babuyanes, Cagayan” Philippiniana Sacra 53, no. 158 (2018): 107-154. https://philsacra.ust.edu.ph/findissues?id=58866576769646A5C6DB3521366C9131
Ocio, Hilario. Monumento Dominicano o sea Memorial de las casas que ha adquirido la Provincia del Santísimo Rosario de Filipinas. Desde 1587 a 1898. N.p., 1898.
Salgado, Pedro. Cagayan Valley and Eastern Cordillera, 1581-1898, Vol. I. Quezon City: Rex Commercial, 2002.
